14 minute read

We’ll explore some open source libraries in different programming languages and how you can use them to process DICOM files. We’ll cover the basics of removing, modifying, adding data elements, changing compression, creating DICOM files for testing, and masking parts of images for de-identification purposes.

If you are new to the DICOM Standard and you are not sure how the DICOM file format works, please read DICOM Basics first.

Disclaimer: Everything presented here is part of public knowledge and can be found in referenced material.

Open Source Libraries

The following are some of the popular open source libraries for processing DICOM files:

  • PixelMed - Java DICOM Toolkit which is a stand-alone DICOM toolkit that implements code for reading and creating DICOM data, DICOM network and file support, support for display of images, reports, and much much more
  • pydicom - Pure Python package for working with DICOM files. It lets you read, modify and write DICOM data in an easy “pythonic” way.
  • Grassroots DICOM (GDCM) - Cross-platform library written in C++ for DICOM medical files. It is automatically wrapped to Python/C#/Java and PHP which allows you to use the language you are familiar with and to integrate it with other applications.
  • dicomParser - Lightweight library for parsing DICOM in modern HTML5 based web browsers. dicomParser is fast, easy to use and has no required external dependencies.
  • DCMTK - is a collection of libraries and applications implementing large parts the DICOM standard. It includes software for examining, constructing and converting DICOM image files, handling offline media, sending and receiving images over a network connection, as well as demonstrative image storage and worklist servers. DCMTK is written in a mixture of ANSI C and C++.

The choice depends on your use case and, of course, on the language you are comfortable with.

These libraries implement most of the things from the DICOM Standard and there is no way I can cover all of them in this article. Therefore, we will focus only on the PixelMed, pydicom, some of GDCM tools, and switch between them to implement different functionalities.

Setup

PixelMed

PixelMed is written in Java, so you’ll need Java 1.8 or higher. After you install Java, go to PixelMed Directory Tree, select the current edition, and download the pixelmed.jar (or use Maven/Gradle if you are familiar with them).

If you are not sure how to use this jar, I suggest you download Eclipse IDE, create a Java project and add pixelmed.jar to the project, see: How to import a jar in Eclipse.

PixelMed’s API documentation can be found at PixelMed JavaDocs.

GDCM

Source code: Grassroots DICOM.

There are premade tools which you can use:

  • gdcmdump - dumps a DICOM file, it will display the structure and values contained in the specified DICOM file.
  • gdcmanon - tool to anonymize a DICOM file.
  • gdcmdiff - dumps differences of two DICOM files
  • gdcmconv - tool to convert DICOM to DICOM etc

To use them you can either compile the source or download the binaries from GDCM Releases.

If you are on Linux, you’ll have to add the gdcm lib folder to /etc/ld.so.conf file or create new .conf in folder .d. Then run sudo ldconfig. In order to have gdcm applications available in the terminal as commands you’ll have to add bin to $PATH (globally or in ~/.bash_profile).

pydicom

This library requires python >= 3.6.1. I suggest you set up a virtual environment where you can install packages using a dependency manager (poetry, pipenv, or any other).

To get familiar with the library, please see: pydicom documentation.

DICOM

Exploring Structure

GDCM

To explore the structure of a DICOM file, we can use gdcmdump:

gdcmdump <path-to-dicom-file>

This will give us an output like:

# Dicom-File-Format

# Dicom-Meta-Information-Header
# Used TransferSyntax: 
(0002,0000) UL 194                                                # 4,1 File Meta Information Group Length
(0002,0001) OB 00\01                                              # 2,1 File Meta Information Version
(0002,0002) UI [1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.12.2]                     # 28,1 Media Storage SOP Class UID
(0002,0003) UI [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.1.1.0.0.0.1168612284.20369.0.3]         # 48,1 Media Storage SOP Instance UID
(0002,0010) UI [1.2.840.10008.1.2.1]                              # 20,1 Transfer Syntax UID
(0002,0012) UI [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.2]                               # 18,1 Implementation Class UID
(0002,0013) SH [DCTOOL100 ]                                       # 10,1 Implementation Version Name
(0002,0016) AE [CLUNIE1 ]                                         # 8,1 Source Application Entity Title

# Dicom-Data-Set
# Used TransferSyntax: 1.2.840.10008.1.2.1
(0008,0005) CS [ISO_IR 100]                                       # 10,1-n Specific Character Set
(0008,0008) CS [ORIGINAL\PRIMARY\SINGLE PLANE ]                   # 30,2-n Image Type
(0008,0012) DA [20070112]                                         # 8,1 Instance Creation Date
(0008,0013) TM [093126]                                           # 6,1 Instance Creation Time
(0008,0014) UI [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.3]                               # 18,1 Instance Creator UID
(0008,0016) UI [1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.12.2]                     # 28,1 SOP Class UID
(0008,0018) UI [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.1.1.0.0.0.1168612284.20369.0.3]         # 48,1 SOP Instance UID
...

This tool offers a quick and easy way to explore DICOM files and debug applications that process DICOM files.

Looking at the output we can see the Dicom-Meta-Information-Header and Dicom-Data-Set. Additionally, for each Data Element, we have a Tag (gggg,eeee) then a VR, followed by a Value, and the information after # represents: VL, VM, and Tag Name.

gdcmdump comes with a lot of options that you can use to generate an output, for more information please see: gdcmdump

PixelMed

The AttributeList class is a class in the PixelMed that maintains a list of individual DICOM attributes. It could be used to get the structure of a file, modify it, and save it.

Using .read(java.lang.String name) we can read the tags:

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeList;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DicomException;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		AttributeList attList = new AttributeList();
		try {
			attList.read(filepath);
			System.out.println(attList.toString());
		} catch (IOException | DicomException e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

Passing the same DICOM file we used in gdcmdump example as an argument, we get:

(0x0002,0x0000) FileMetaInformationGroupLength VR=<UL> VL=<0x4> [0xc2]
(0x0002,0x0001) FileMetaInformationVersion VR=<OB> VL=<0x2> []
(0x0002,0x0002) MediaStorageSOPClassUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x1c> <1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.12.2>
(0x0002,0x0003) MediaStorageSOPInstanceUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x30> <1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.1.1.0.0.0.1168612284.20369.0.3>
(0x0002,0x0010) TransferSyntaxUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x14> <1.2.840.10008.1.2.1>
(0x0002,0x0012) ImplementationClassUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x12> <1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.2>
(0x0002,0x0013) ImplementationVersionName VR=<SH> VL=<0xa> <DCTOOL100 >
(0x0002,0x0016) SourceApplicationEntityTitle VR=<AE> VL=<0x8> <CLUNIE1 >
(0x0008,0x0005) SpecificCharacterSet VR=<CS> VL=<0xa> <ISO_IR 100>
(0x0008,0x0008) ImageType VR=<CS> VL=<0x1e> <ORIGINAL\PRIMARY\SINGLE PLANE >
(0x0008,0x0012) InstanceCreationDate VR=<DA> VL=<0x8> <20070112>
(0x0008,0x0013) InstanceCreationTime VR=<TM> VL=<0x6> <093126>
(0x0008,0x0014) InstanceCreatorUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x12> <1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.3>
(0x0008,0x0016) SOPClassUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x1c> <1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.12.2>
(0x0008,0x0018) SOPInstanceUID VR=<UI> VL=<0x30> <1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.1.1.0.0.0.1168612284.20369.0.3>
...

which gives the same output as gdcmdump but in a different format.

Remove Data Element

Let’s try to remove the InstanceCreatorUID (0008,0014) from the Data Set and save the DICOM object as a new file.

PixelMed

The AttributeList has a lot of options for manipulating Data Sets, we can remove a whole group, all private tags, specific tag etc.

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeList;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeTag;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.Attribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DicomException;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		AttributeList attList = new AttributeList();
		AttributeTag instanceCreatorTag = new AttributeTag(0x0008, 0x0014);
		AttributeTag transferSyntaxTag = new AttributeTag(0x0002, 0x0010);
		try {
			// Read DICOM
			attList.read(filepath);

			// Get TransferSyntaxUID
			Attribute transferSyntaxAtt = attList.get(transferSyntaxTag);
			String transferSyntaxUID = transferSyntaxAtt.getSingleStringValueOrEmptyString();

			// Remove Tag
			attList.remove(instanceCreatorTag);
			
			// Write DICOM
			attList.write("test.dcm", transferSyntaxUID, true, true);
		} catch (IOException | DicomException e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

This will output a new DICOM file test.dcm which doesn’t contain the InstanceCreatorUID.

To confirm this we can run gdcmdiff which dumps the difference between two DICOM files:

gdcmdiff <path_to_new_file> <path_to_old_file>

The output is:

(0008,0014) UI [only file 2] [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.3] # Instance Creator UID
               -------------

as expected.

You may notice that as we deal with many attributes, defining a specific tag as:

AttributeTag transferSyntaxTag = new AttributeTag(0x0002, 0x0010);

becomes tedious. Fortunately, there are better ways. One of them is to use the TagFromName which contains constants that map names to tags, and the other is to use the DicomDictionary to do a lookup:

// Using TagFromName
AttributeTag transferSyntaxTag = TagFromName.TransferSyntaxUID;

// Using DicomDictionary
AttributeTag transferSyntaxTag = DicomDictionary.StandardDictionary.getTagFromName("TransferSyntaxUID")

pydicom

Let’s do the same using the pydicom. To do this, we will use the dcmread to read a DICOM file which returns a FileDataset instance that we can edit and then save.

from pydicom import dcmread

if __name__ == "__main__":
    with open("<path-to-dicom-file>", "rb") as f_in:
        ds = dcmread(f_in)
    del ds.InstanceCreatorUID
    ds.save_as("test.dcm")

Modify/Add Data Element

PixelMed

To modify/add a Data Element to the Data Set, we create an AttributeList instance and an Attribute instance, then put the attribute to the list:

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeList;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeTag;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.Attribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DicomException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.TagFromName;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.PersonNameAttribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.CodeStringAttribute;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		AttributeList attList = new AttributeList();
		try {
			// Read DICOM
			attList.read(filepath);

			// Get TransferSyntaxUID
			Attribute transferSyntaxAtt = attList.get(TagFromName.TransferSyntaxUID);
			String transferSyntaxUID = transferSyntaxAtt.getSingleStringValueOrEmptyString();
			
			// Modify Existing Tag
			Attribute patientName = new PersonNameAttribute(TagFromName.PatientName);
			patientName.addValue("TestName");
			attList.put(TagFromName.PatientName, patientName);

			// Add New Tag
			Attribute newAtt = new CodeStringAttribute(new AttributeTag(0x0011, 0x0010));
			newAtt.addValue("SomeRandomString");
			attList.put(newAtt);
			
			// Write DICOM
			attList.write("test.dcm", transferSyntaxUID, true, true);
		} catch (IOException | DicomException e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

This will create a new DICOM file with modified PatientName tag and a new tag (0011,0010). If we use gdcmdiff to check the differences between the old and the new file, we get exactly what we expect:

(0010,0010) PN [from file 1] [TestName] # Patient's Name
(0010,0010) PN [from file 2] [Test^FluroWithDisplayShutter] # Patient's Name
               -------------
(0011,0010) CS [only file 1] [SomeRandomString] # Private Creator
               -------------

pydicom

To do the same in python:

from pydicom import dcmread

if __name__ == "__main__":
    with open("<path-to-dicom-file>", "rb") as f_in:
        ds = dcmread(f_in)
    
    # Modify Existing Tag
    ds.PatientName = "TestName"

    # Add New Tag
    ds.add_new([0x0011, 0x0010], "CS", "SomeRandomString")

    # Write DICOM
    ds.save_as("test.dcm")

which gives use the same result.

If we want to add a tag from the DICOM Standard but we are not sure about its VR, we can use the dictionary_VR:

>>> from pydicom.datadict import dictionary_VR
>>> dictionary_VR([0x0028, 0x1050])
'DS'

Add Nested Data Element

Let’s add a private nested data element that contains two items which contain the same private attributes but with different values. The process is the same for the tags from the DICOM Standard.

PixelMed

To add a nested tag using the PixelMed, we have to define a SequenceAttribute. This attribute will contain Sequence Items which we create using the AttributeList. After adding Data Elements to the AttributeList we add the list to the SequenceAttribute using addItem(AttributeList item):

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeList;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeTag;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.Attribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DicomException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.TagFromName;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.SequenceAttribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.CodeStringAttribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DateAttribute;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		AttributeList attList = new AttributeList();
		try {
			// Read DICOM
			attList.read(filepath);

			// Get TransferSyntaxUID
			Attribute transferSyntaxAtt = attList.get(TagFromName.TransferSyntaxUID);
			String transferSyntaxUID = transferSyntaxAtt.getSingleStringValueOrEmptyString();
	
			// Sequence Attribute
			SequenceAttribute seq = new SequenceAttribute(new AttributeTag(0x0011, 0x0010));
			
			// Sequence Item 1
			AttributeList seqItemOne = new AttributeList();
			Attribute attSeqOneOne = new CodeStringAttribute(new AttributeTag(0x0011, 0x0100));
			attSeqOneOne.addValue("Sequence One Value");
			Attribute attSeqOneTwo = new DateAttribute(new AttributeTag(0x0011, 0x0102));
			attSeqOneTwo.addValue("2022-01-01");
			seqItemOne.put(attSeqOneOne);
			seqItemOne.put(attSeqOneTwo);
			
			// Sequence Item 2
			AttributeList seqItemTwo = new AttributeList();
			Attribute attSeqTwoOne = new CodeStringAttribute(new AttributeTag(0x0011, 0x0100));
			attSeqTwoOne.addValue("Sequence Two Value");
			Attribute attSeqTwoTwo = new DateAttribute(new AttributeTag(0x0011, 0x0102));
			attSeqTwoTwo.addValue("2022-01-02");
			seqItemTwo.put(attSeqTwoOne);
			seqItemTwo.put(attSeqTwoTwo);
			
			// Add Sequence Items
			seq.addItem(seqItemOne);
			seq.addItem(seqItemTwo);
			attList.put(seq);
			
			// Write DICOM
			attList.write("test.dcm", transferSyntaxUID, true, true);
		} catch (IOException | DicomException e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

Each sequence item is a Data Set of its own and for each item we create an AttributeList instance where we add attributes, in the end we add these lists as sequence items to a sequence attribute.

If we check the result with gdcmdump, we should see:

(0011,0010) SQ (LO) (Sequence with undefined length)              # u/l,1 Private Creator
  (fffe,e000) na (Item with undefined length)
    (0011,0100) CS [Sequence One Value]                           # 18,? (1)  Private Element With Empty Private Creator
    (0011,0102) DA [2022-01-01]                                   # 10,? (1)  Private Element With Empty Private Creator
  (fffe,e00d)
  (fffe,e000) na (Item with undefined length)
    (0011,0100) CS [Sequence Two Value]                           # 18,? (1)  Private Element With Empty Private Creator
    (0011,0102) DA [2022-01-02]                                   # 10,? (1)  Private Element With Empty Private Creator
  (fffe,e00d)
(fffe,e0dd)

which is what we wanted.

pydicom

The same can be done using the pydicom, here we define a seq variable that is just a list of Dataset instances, these data sets have the same meaning as AttributeList in the PixelMed. After that we access individual data sets i.e. sequence items and add attributes to them:

from pydicom import dcmread, Dataset

if __name__ == "__main__":
    with open("test-dicom-files/image-2.dcm", "rb") as f_in:
        ds = dcmread(f_in)
    
    # Sequence Attribute
    seq = [Dataset(), Dataset()]
    
    # Sequence Item 1
    seq[0].add_new([0x0011, 0x0100], "CS", "Sequence One Value")
    seq[0].add_new([0x0011, 0x0102], "DA", "2021-01-01")

    # Sequence Item 2
    seq[1].add_new([0x0011, 0x0100], "CS", "Sequence Two Value")
    seq[1].add_new([0x0011, 0x0102], "DA", "2021-01-02")

    # Add Sequence Attribute
    ds.add_new([0x0011, 0x0010], 'SQ', seq)

    # Write DICOM
    ds.save_as("test.dcm")

The result is the same as above.

Change Transfer Syntax

Let’s first change Explicit to Implicit.

Of course, before writing a new DICOM file, we have to update the information about new TransferSyntaxUID and SourceApplicationEntityTitle.

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeList;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DicomException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.TransferSyntax;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.FileMetaInformation;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		AttributeList attList = new AttributeList();
		try {
			// Read DICOM	
			attList.read(filepath);
			
			// Update File Meta Information Header
			FileMetaInformation.addFileMetaInformation(attList, TransferSyntax.ImplicitVRLittleEndian, "DicomPlayGround");
			
			// Write DICOM
			attList.write("test.dcm", TransferSyntax.ImplicitVRLittleEndian, true, true);
		} catch (IOException | DicomException e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

The new file looks like:

# Dicom-File-Format

# Dicom-Meta-Information-Header
# Used TransferSyntax: 
(0002,0000) UL 210                                                # 4,1 File Meta Information Group Length
(0002,0001) OB 00\01                                              # 2,1 File Meta Information Version
(0002,0002) UI [1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.12.2]                     # 28,1 Media Storage SOP Class UID
(0002,0003) UI [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.1.1.0.0.0.1168612284.20369.0.3]         # 48,1 Media Storage SOP Instance UID
(0002,0010) UI [1.2.840.10008.1.2]                                # 18,1 Transfer Syntax UID
(0002,0012) UI [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.99.2]                            # 22,1 Implementation Class UID
(0002,0013) SH [PIXELMEDJAVA001 ]                                 # 16,1 Implementation Version Name
(0002,0016) AE [DicomPlayGround ]                                 # 16,1 Source Application Entity Title

# Dicom-Data-Set
# Used TransferSyntax: 1.2.840.10008.1.2
(0008,0005) ?? (CS) [ISO_IR 100]                                  # 10,1-n Specific Character Set
(0008,0008) ?? (CS) [ORIGINAL\PRIMARY\SINGLE PLANE ]              # 30,2-n Image Type
(0008,0012) ?? (DA) [20070112]                                    # 8,1 Instance Creation Date
(0008,0013) ?? (TM) [093126]                                      # 6,1 Instance Creation Time
(0008,0014) ?? (UI) [1.3.6.1.4.1.5962.3]                          # 18,1 Instance Creator UID
(0008,0016) ?? (UI) [1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.12.2]                # 28,1 SOP Class UID

Compare this to the same file in the Explicit format, the changes are obvious and expected.

However, it’s not so simple if we have compressed pixel data. Depending on the compression and wanted output it could be hard to find needed libraries that can do the conversion.

The PixelMed relies on Java libraries for compressing and decompressing pixel data. You could use imageIO, the PixelMed’s stand-alone Java JPEG Selective Block Redaction Codec and Lossless JPEG Decoder, or any other library, but as far as I know, things can get complicated and inefficient for certain TransferSyntaxUIDs i.e. compression algorithms.

In my opinion, when it comes to compression, the better option is to use GDCM only or GDCM in combination with the pydicom. To get the better understanding of supported transfer syntaxes, please see the table at Supported Transfer Syntaxes.

For now, we can use gdcmconv tool to play with different transfer syntaxes. There are a lot of options, and you can explore them at gdcmconv.

To convert to JPEG Lossless i.e. 1.2.840.10008.1.2.4.70 we can use:

gdcmconv --jpeg -i <input-file> -o <output-file>

If your input file was uncompressed, you should see a significant loss in size of the output file.

Create DICOM from an Image

Creating a DICOM file from an image can be really useful in many cases. Especially, when it comes to testing:

  • Application should be tested in test/dev environment where you cannot use real world scans
  • De-identification process that masks certain parts of images should be tested for different image resolutions etc.

To achieve this you can use the ImageToDicom:

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.ImageToDicom;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.DicomException;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		try {
			new ImageToDicom(
					filepath,
					"test.dcm",						// Output path
					"Vladsiv",						// Patient Name
					"TEST-98341-VladSiv",			// Patient ID
					"847542",						// Study ID
					"1",							// Series Number
					"1", 							// Instance Number
					"US",							// Modality
					"1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.6.1"	// SOP Class UID
			);
		} catch (IOException | DicomException e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

The result is:

image-to-dicom
Image to DICOM MicroDicom Preview

Of course, you can then process the output DICOM file, add/modify data elements, and tailor the file for your specific needs.

To do the same using the pydicom, please see this thread: PNG to DICOM with pydicom

Blackout Image

In certain circumstances, we want to blackout certain parts of DICOM images. This is usually done to remove the Protected Health Information - PHI that can be found on an image.

To do this using the PixelMed we can use the ImageEditUtilities and the method: blackout(SourceImage srcImg, AttributeList list, java.util.Vector shapes):

package pixelmed_demo;

import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.util.Vector;
import com.pixelmed.display.ImageEditUtilities;
import com.pixelmed.display.SourceImage;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.AttributeList;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.Attribute;
import com.pixelmed.dicom.TagFromName;

public class demo_main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String filepath = args[0];
		AttributeList attList = new AttributeList();
		try {
			// Read DICOM file
			attList.read(filepath);
			
			// Get Transfer Syntax
			Attribute transferSyntaxAtt = attList.get(TagFromName.TransferSyntaxUID);
			String transferSyntaxUID = transferSyntaxAtt.getSingleStringValueOrEmptyString();
			
			// Create Area to blackout
			Vector<Shape> shapes = new Vector<Shape>();
			Shape shape = new Rectangle(35, 60, 140, 50);
			shapes.add(shape);
			
			// Define Image and Perform Blackout
			SourceImage sImg = new SourceImage(attList);
			ImageEditUtilities.blackout(sImg, attList, shapes);
			
			// Write DICOM
			attList.write("test.dcm", transferSyntaxUID, true, true);
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("Oops! Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

This will give us:

dicom-blackout
Blackout MicroDicom Preview

Final Words

This article gives a brief introduction to basics of processing DICOM files using some of the open source libraries.

There are many awesome libraries and DICOM applications that I didn’t mention and I encourage you to go through provided material and play with them on your own.

I hope this helps you get a better understanding how you can process DICOM files and start building your own DICOM applications.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please reach out, I’m always available.

Updated:

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